The Euclid Mathematics Contest, organized by the University of Waterloo, is one of the world's most influential high school math competitions. It holds significant weight when applying to top Canadian universities (like U of T, UBC, Waterloo) and for STEM/economics programs in the UK/US. Renowned for emphasizing "deep thinking over tricks, and strong application," it is often called the "SAT of Math."
This guide breaks down the key aspects of preparing for the 2026 Euclid contest across four dimensions: contest features, award structure, question format, core topics, and preparation strategies.
Part 1: Three Distinctive Features of the Euclid Contest
1. Moderate Difficulty to Win Awards (Top 25%)
The award structure is simple: only a Certificate of Distinction is awarded to the top 25% of participants globally.
High Practical Award Rate: Due to high participation and performance levels among Asian students, a Chinese student who scores around 70+ points (out of 100) typically secures a place in the top 25% with stable performance.
Reduced Pressure: The focus isn't on solving the very last problem but on ensuring zero errors on foundational questions and high scores on intermediate ones. This is more accessible than contests like the AMC12, which requires top 5% to advance.
2. Humanized Grading: Partial Credit Mechanism
For some problems, marks are awarded for the solution process.
Even with a wrong final answer, you can still get 1–3 points for showing key steps (like setting up the correct equation, drawing auxiliary lines, or writing a recurrence relation).
This avoids an "all-or-nothing" trap and encourages attempting problems—always write down relevant formulas or ideas!
3. Limited Scope: No Calculus
The contest only requires mathematics up to Grade 10 level, with no calculus, matrices, or complex numbers involved.
It focuses on logical reasoning, model abstraction, and flexible application rather than the breadth of known formulas.
This makes it suitable for students with solid high school foundations but without extensive Olympiad training.
Part 2: Question Structure & Scoring Strategy (10 Questions / 150 Minutes)
| Question Range | Difficulty Level | Target Strategy | Approx. Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1–Q7 | Foundational & Medium | Solid and steady, aim for full marks. (Precise calculation + Standard steps) | ≈60–70 points |
| Q8–Q9 | Medium-High | Key for score differentiation. Requires integrating multiple concepts. | ≈20–25 points |
| Q10 | High-Difficulty | For top contestants. Often combines number theory, combinatorics, and algebra. | ≈10 points |
Core Strategy:
Target: Top 25% (≈70 points) → Ensure all Q1-Q7 are correct + secure about half the points from Q8-Q9.
Target: Top 5% (≈85+ points) → Q8-Q9 need to be nearly perfect + strive for partial credit on Q10.
Part 3: In-Depth Topic Analysis: 3 Major Modules
Module 1: Foundation Module (70% of score, the cornerstone)
This is the key to a stable score.
| Sub-module | Weight | Core Content | Key Preparation Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algebra | 30% | Equations/Inequalities (radical, fractional), Function graphs (exponential/log), Identities | Pay attention to variable domains and substitution techniques. Many lost points in 2025 Q1 by ignoring ranges. |
| Geometry | 35% | Plane Geometry (congruence/similarity, circle power theorem, area), Analytic Geometry | A strength area for Chinese students! Ensure clear step-by-step reasoning in writing. |
| Trigonometry | 5% | Basic definitions, identities, graph properties | Typically one question. Memorizing core formulas is sufficient. |
Module 2: Extension Module (30% of score, key for high scores)
This module is crucial for achieving top scores.
| Sub-module | Weight | Core Content | Typical Question Style |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number Theory | 10% | Prime numbers, GCD/LCM, congruence, divisibility | e.g., 2024 Q10: Prime factorization → Derive divisibility rule → Rigorous proof. |
| Combinatorics & Probability | 20% | Permutations/combinations, classical probability, recurrence | e.g., 2025 Q7: A combined "Probability + Sequence" problem requiring symmetry simplification and complementary counting. |
Part 4: Recent Trends in Problem Design
Trend 1: Integration of Knowledge Areas
Problems requiring cross-domain thinking are increasing.
Solving geometric optimization using algebraic methods.
Analyzing combinatorial structures with number theory (e.g., using modular arithmetic to determine permutation parity).
Combined topics like Probability + Sequences and Geometry + Trigonometry are now common.
Trend 2: Emphasis on Mathematical Reading Comprehension
Problem statements increasingly incorporate real-world contexts (environment, economics, population growth).
The crucial skill is abstracting a mathematical model from the text.
Key Process: Information extraction → Model identification → Mathematical transformation.
Example: 2025 Q8 described "city population growing 5% annually," requiring recognition as a geometric sequence and building a recurrence relation.
Note: This translation is based on the provided URL content. For the most official and up-to-date information, always refer to the contest organizer's website. If you'd like help finding past papers or other resources, feel free to ask!